Prinz Johann von Lancaster, Söhne des Königs. This image of kingship gradually fades as Bolingbroke's rebellion continues. Graf von Worcester. The mirror scene is the final end to the dual personality. The second and third quartos followed in 1598 – the only time a Shakespeare play was printed in three editions in two years. The normal structure of Shakespearean tragedy is modified to portray a central political theme: the rise of Bolingbroke to the throne and the conflict between Richard and Bolingbroke over the kingship. The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth containing his Death: and the Coronation of King Henry the Fift, Thomas of Woodstock/Richard the Second, Part One, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_(play)&oldid=1016361448, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. KING RICHARD II So two, together weeping, make one woe. [25] One of the most accessible versions was the 1978 television production by the BBC of the play, shown as part of "The Shakespeare Plays" (a several years-long project to put all of Shakespeare's plays on tape). Before Richard is sent to his death, he "un-kings" himself by giving away his crown, sceptre, and the balm that is used to anoint a king to the throne. Richard II, written around 1595, is the first play in Shakespeare's second "history tetralogy," a series of four plays that chronicles the rise of the house of Lancaster to the British throne. This version, still available on DVD, starred Derek Jacobi as Richard, with John Gielgud making an appearance as John of Gaunt. On the other hand, the body politic is a spiritual body which cannot be affected by mortal infirmities such as disease and old age. After several attempts to calm both men, Richard acquiesces and it is determined that the matter be resolved in the established method of trial by battle between Bolingbroke and Mowbray, despite the objections of Gaunt. Bolingbroke seems to be a leader coming into power at a time England is in turmoil, and follows closely the formula stated by Machiavelli. Am Vorabend der Schlacht erscheinen Richard die Geister seiner Opfer im Traum und verfluchen ihn, während sie Richmond den Erfolg wünschen. Elliott goes on further to point out that it is Bolingbroke's ability to relate and speak with those of the middle and lower classes that allows him to take the throne.[10]. The tournament scene is very formal with a long, ceremonial introduction, but as the combatants are about to fight, Richard interrupts and sentences both to banishment from England. Here is a brief Richard II summary: Shakespeare’s Richard II opens in the court of King Richard II in Coventry, where a dispute between Henry Bolingbroke, the son of John of Gaunt, and Thomas Mowbray, the Duke of Norfolk, is to be resolved by a tournament. Common Questions About Shakespeare’s Richard II There are also great differences in the use of language amongst the characters. You can view our. Nichtberufsbühnen erwerben das Aufführungsrecht aufgrund eines schriftlichen Aufführungsvertrages mit dem Deutschen Theaterverlag, Grabengasse 5, 69469 Weinheim, und durch den Kauf [7], The play was performed and published late in the reign of the childless Elizabeth I of England, at a time when the queen's advanced age made the succession an important political concern. ist eines von Shakespeares Königsdramen und das erste Stück der sogenannten Lancaster-Tetralogie. This was the performance paid for by supporters of the Earl of Essex's planned revolt (see Historical Context above). Upon Richard's return, Bolingbroke not only reclaims his lands but lays claim to the very throne. At the start of Richard II Bolingbroke accuses Mowbray and ulteriorly attacks the government of King Richard. Duchess of York – York's wife (an unnamed composite of York's first wife. Shakespeare’s Richard II presents a momentous struggle between Richard II and his cousin Henry Bolingbroke.Richard is the legitimate king; he succeeded his grandfather, King Edward III, after the earlier death of his father Edward, the Black Prince. Old John of Gaunt, time-honour'd Lancaster, Hast thou, according to thy oath and band, Brought hither Henry Hereford thy bold son, 5 Here to make good the boisterous late appeal, Which then our leisure would not let us hear, Against the Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray? "A New History for Shakespeare and His Time. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. When King Richard leaves England to attend to the war in Ireland, Bolingbroke seizes the opportunity to assemble an army and invades the north coast of England. Elliott argues that this mistaken notion of his role as king ultimately leads to Richard's failure. [30] It has been released as a Cineplex Odeon special worldwide movie event. je historická hra Williama Shakespeara napsaná kolem roku 1595. Traditionally, Shakespeare uses prose to distinguish social classes – the upper class generally speaks in poetry while the lower classes speak in prose. Ace your assignments with our guide to Richard II! The fourth quarto, published in 1608, includes a version of the deposition scene shorter than the one later printed, presumably from a prompt-book, in the 1623 First Folio. Aumerle and others plan a rebellion against the new king, but York discovers his son's treachery and reveals it to Henry, who spares Aumerle as a result of the intercession of the Duchess of York while executing the other conspirators. [16], Another commissioned performance of a different type occurred at the Globe Theatre on 7 Feb. 1601. The king's decision can be seen as the first mistake in a series leading eventually to his overthrow and death, since it is an error which highlights many of his character flaws, displaying as it does indecisiveness (in terms of whether to allow the duel to go ahead), abruptness (Richard waits until the last possible moment to cancel the duel), and arbitrariness (there is no apparent reason why Bolingbroke should be allowed to return and Mowbray not). Richard II exists in a number of variations. It is based on the life of King Richard II of England (ruled 1377–1399) and chronicles his downfall and the machinations of his nobles. At the coast of Wales, Richard has just returned from a trip to Ireland and kisses the soil of England, demonstrating his kingly attachment to his kingdom. [22][23][24] In 1974, Ian Richardson and Richard Pasco alternated the roles of Richard and Bolingbroke in a production from John Barton at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre: thirty years later this was still a standard by which performances were being judged. The Life and Death of King Richard the Second, commonly called Richard II, is a history play by William Shakespeare believed to have been written around 1595. The play was next published in the First Folio in 1623. Since Clarence's full name is Geor… The excursion to the Holy Land is still in Henry's mind, and the action seems to take up right where it left off in Richard II . King Richard leaves England to administer the war in Ireland, and Bolingbroke takes the opportunity to assemble an army and invade the north coast of England. "The Deposition Scene in Richard II.". Sir Walter Blunt, Freunde des Königs. The commoners, fond of Bolingbroke and angry at Richard's mismanagement of the country, welcome his invasion and join his forces. Clarence replies that someone told King Edward that a person with a name starting with the letter "G" would cause his family to lose the throne. Executing both Bushy and Green, Bolingbroke wins over the Duke of York, whom Richard has left in charge of his government in his absence. The play is divided into five acts and its structure is as formal as its language. König Richard III (F 1283) Dieses Bühnenwerk ist als Manuskript gedruckt und nur für den Vertrieb an Nichtberufsbühnen für deren Aufführungszwecke bestimmt. Elizabeth was aware of the political ramifications of the story of Richard II: according to a well-known but dubious anecdote, in August 1601 she was reviewing historical documents relating to the reign of Richard II when she supposedly remarked to her archivist William Lambarde, "I am Richard II, know ye not that?" The play ends with the rise of Bolingbroke to the throne, marking the start of a new era in England. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of Richard III and what it means. Critic Irving Ribner notes that a manifestation of Machiavellian philosophy may be seen in Bolingbroke. King Richard II. Richard II, who ascended to the throne as a young man, is a regal and stately figure, but he is wasteful in his spending habits, unwise in his choice of counselors, and detached from his country and its common people. Deshalb ändern sie ihren Plan: Buckingham überzeugt den Bürgermeister von London, dass Richard nach des Volkes Willen König werden soll. Some of Shakespeare’s plays use puns routinely; in Richard II they are used very sparingly but complexly. King Henry repudiates the murderer and vows to journey to Jerusalem to cleanse himself of his part in Richard's death. König Heinrich IV. Der Graf von Westmorland bestätigt, dass es sich um eine dringende Aufgabe handelt. This play, which exists in one incomplete manuscript copy (at the British Museum) is subtitled Thomas of Woodstock, and it is by this name that scholars since F. S. Boas have usually called it. verweist seinen Cousin, den Widersacher Henry Bolingbroke, des Landes. There is never an actual battle; instead, Bolingbroke peacefully takes Richard prisoner in Wales and brings him back to London, where Bolingbroke is crowned King Henry IV. William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, featured in Thomas of Woodstock (as Sir Thomas Scroop), is an off-stage character referred to as "The Earl of Wiltshire.". Dawson, Anthony B. and Yachnin, Paul (eds. [28], In summer 2012, BBC Two broadcast a filmed adaptation together with other plays in the Henriad under the series title The Hollow Crown with Ben Whishaw as Richard II.[29]. As the play concludes, we see that the reign of the new King Henry IV has started off inauspiciously. It is the first part of a tetralogy, referred to by some scholars as the Henriad, followed by three plays about Richard's successors: Henry IV, Part 1; Henry IV, Part 2; and Henry V. (vládl v letech 1377–1399). [18], The play was performed at the Globe on 12 June 1631. Authoritarian, unwilling to listen to good advice, friendly with persons not of noble birth, he is … Unusually for Shakespeare, Richard II is written entirely in verse, and this is one of only four plays of his which are, the others being King John and the first and third parts of Henry VI. Richard II died in 1400, and Shakespeare ends Richard II with Henry just beginning his reign. In England, Paul Scofield, who played it at the Old Vic in 1952, was considered the definitive Richard of more modern times. Samuel Schoenbaum contests that Hayward had written his work prior to Richard II, joking that "there is nothing like a hypothetical manuscript to resolve an awkwardness of chronology", as Hayward noted he had written the work several years before its publication. mit einer unglaublichen Überzeugungskraf… Graf von Westmoreland. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The production, directed by Richard Cottrell, toured Britain and Europe, featuring in the Edinburgh Festival in 1969 and on BBC TV in 1970. It is the first part of a tetralogy, referred to by some scholars as the Henriad, followed by three plays about Richard's successors: Henry IV, Part 1; Henry IV, Part 2; and Henry V. Although the First Folio (1623) includes the play among the histories, the earlier Quarto edition of 1597 calls it The tragedie of King Richard the second. He spends too much of his time pursuing the latest Italian fashions, spending money on his close friends, and raising taxes to fund his pet wars in Ireland and elsewhere. Biblical references are used to liken the humbled king to the humbled Christ. From the minute Bolingbroke comes into power, he destroys the faithful supporters of Richard such as Bushy, Green and the Earl of Wiltshire. By the time Richard returns from Ireland, he has already lost his grasp on his country. Richard ist der Bruder von König Edward IV. Bullough, Geoffrey. [7] Critic John R. Elliott Jr. notes that this particular history play can be distinguished from the other history plays because it contains an ulterior political purpose. ", "David Tennant to play Richard II in RSC's winter season", "The Tragedy of King Richard the Second, Almeida, review: a Simon Russell Beale masterclass, but an irksome production", with the life and death of Henry surnamed Hotspur. [31] Tennant reprised the role for his U.S. stage debut, at BAM, in April 2016. [13], Many critics agree that in Richard II, this central theme of the king's two bodies unfolds in three main scenes: the scenes at the Coast of Wales, at Flint Castle, and at Westminster. Bolingbroke on the other hand represents a more modern view of the throne, arguing that not only bloodline but also intellect and political savvy contribute to the makings of a good king. Jetzt online bestellen und gleichzeitig die Umwelt schonen. Inhalt: König Richard II. Richard has just had his brother Clarence arrested and placed in the Tower of London. A summary of Part X (Section2) in William Shakespeare's Richard III. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Richard legt dabei aber trotz eines steifen Arms und eines verkrüppelten Beines (was nicht der historischen Wahrheit entspricht) unglaubliches Charisma an den Tag, schafft er es doch z.B. This angers the nobility, who accuse Richard of wasting England's money, of taking Gaunt's money (belonging by rights to his son, Bolingbroke) to fund war in Ireland, of taxing the commoners, and of fining the nobles for crimes committed by their ancestors. It has a double complementary plot describing the fall of Richard II and the rise of Bolingbroke, later known as Henry IV. Heinrich Percy, mit dem Beinamen Heißsporn, sein Sohn. [8], Literary critic Hugh M. Richmond notes that Richard's beliefs about the Divine Right of Kings tend to fall more in line with the medieval view of the throne. It is certainly true that one of his plays, ‘Richard II’, played a part in the Essex rebellion of 1601. There, an assassin, who both is and is not acting upon King Henry's ambivalent wishes for Richard's expedient death, murders the former king. The play had limited popularity in the early twentieth century, but John Gielgud exploded onto the world's theatrical consciousness, through his performance as Richard at the Old Vic Theatre in 1929, returning to the character in 1937 and 1953 in what ultimately was considered as the definitive performance of the role. Using an order signed by their brother, King Edward, Richard has two murderers enter the Tower and stab Clarence to death. An often overlooked production, the lead actor handles the character in, as The Guardian noted, perhaps the most vulnerable way ever seen. ), Barroll, Leeds. Charles Forker, "Introduction", William Shakespeare, "Paul Scofield: Oscar-winning actor whose phenomenal range was unmatched in his generation", "Shakespeare's Richard II: which actor wears the crown best? There is no external evidence for this hypothesis, however, and the title page of the 1608 quarto refers to a "lately acted" deposition scene (although, again, this could be due to earlier censorship which was later relaxed). He has been forced to give up his jewels, losing his kingly appearance. The Royal Shakespeare Company produced the play with David Tennant in the lead role in 2013. Umfangreiches Material über Richard II. [2] Edward Hall's The Union of the Two Illustrious Families of Lancaster and York appears also to have been consulted,[3] and scholars have also supposed Shakespeare familiar with Samuel Daniel's poem on the civil wars. At any rate, the Chamberlain's Men do not appear to have suffered for their association with the Essex group; but they were commanded to perform it for the Queen on Shrove Tuesday in 1601, the day before Essex's execution. But at the start of Henry IV , Part I, it seems that no time has passed since the death of Richard. Shakespeare began his career with a history play, and he wrote eight major history plays in the 1590s; all concerned with English history, the kings, queens and historical events ranging from about 1377, when Richard II assumed the throne, to about 1485, when Richard III … Sources for Richard II. [11], In his analysis of medieval political theology, The King’s Two Bodies, Ernst Kantorowicz describes medieval kings as containing two bodies: a body natural, and a body politic. He loses his temper at Bolingbroke, but then regains his composure as he starts to remember his divine side.

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