and so they are casting their problems on society and who is society? [24] She was influenced at university by political works such as Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom (1944),[25] which condemned economic intervention by government as a precursor to an authoritarian state. At the 1980 Conservative Party conference, Thatcher addressed the issue directly, with a speech written by the playwright Ronald Millar,[124] that notably included the following lines: To those waiting with bated breath for that favourite media catchphrase, the "U" turn, I have only one thing to say. [54] Thatcher was one of the few Conservative MPs to support Leo Abse's bill to decriminalise male homosexuality. Now prime minister, Callaghan surprised many by announcing on 7 September that there would be no general election that year and he would wait until 1979 before going to the polls. Margaret Hilda Roberts was born on 13 October 1925, in Grantham, Lincolnshire. Quelle: Corbis via Getty Images . [113][114] In the 1979 general election, the Conservatives had attracted votes from the NF, whose support almost collapsed. Chancellor Geoffrey Howe abolished the UK's exchange controls in 1979,[179] which allowed more capital to be invested in foreign markets, and the Big Bang of 1986 removed many restrictions on the London Stock Exchange. August 1900 in London; 30. [313] Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, was also in attendance and said of his former leader: "Her real triumph was to have transformed not just one party but two, so that when Labour did eventually return, the great bulk of Thatcherism was accepted as irreversible. und Königin Elizabeth (später Queen Mum) mit Töchtern, den Prinzessinnen Elizabeth und Margaret . [198] Her speeches included one to the Royal Society in 1988,[199] followed by another to the UN General Assembly in 1989. Als Kind seien sie Spielgefährten gewesen und hätten gemeinsam mit Queen Elizabeth Schwester Margaret viel Zeit verbracht. [362], Thatcher's stance on immigration in the late 1970s was perceived as part of a rising racist public discourse,[363] which Barker (1981) terms "new racism". Thatcher generally supported the welfare state, while proposing to rid it of abuses. [77] Labour formed a minority government and went on to win a narrow majority in the October 1974 general election. I think he genuinely has moved. [205][206], Having withdrawn formal recognition from the Pol Pot regime in 1979,[207] the Thatcher government backed the Khmer Rouge keeping their UN seat after they were ousted from power in Cambodia by the Cambodian–Vietnamese War. [48][49] In 1961 she went against the Conservative Party's official position by voting for the restoration of birching as a judicial corporal punishment. [102] The Soviet Army journal Red Star reported her stance in a piece headlined "Iron Lady Raises Fears",[103] alluding to her remarks on the Iron Curtain. [149] The miners' strike of 1984–85 was the biggest and most devastating confrontation between the unions and the government under Thatcher. Margaret Roberts attended a local state school and from there won a place at Oxford, where she studied chemistry at Somerville College (1943-47). A former member of the royal staff has opened up about what the relationship between Princess Margaret and Queen Elizabeth was really like. Although Thatcher denied it at the time,[208] it was revealed in 1991 that, while not directly training any Khmer Rouge,[209] from 1983 the Special Air Service (SAS) was sent to secretly train "the armed forces of the Cambodian non-communist resistance" that remained loyal to Prince Norodom Sihanouk and his former prime minister Son Sann in the fight against the Vietnamese-backed puppet regime. [164] The resulting closure of 150 coal mines, some of which were not losing money, resulted in the loss of tens of thousands of jobs and had the effect of devastating entire communities. Queen Elizabeth and Princess Margaret at the Epsom Derby in 1979. [178], The privatisation of public assets was combined with financial deregulation in an attempt to fuel economic growth. Various shots including Jack Hill painting bellows, Edward Brown making a rug and Peter Brooker making bunches of violets. He served as Mayor of Grantham in 1945–46 and lost his position as alderman in 1952 after the Labour Party won its first majority on Grantham Council in 1950. [227][228] She applauded the coalition victory on the backbenches, while warning that "the victories of peace will take longer than the battles of war". Various shots including Jack Hill painting bellows, Edward Brown making a rug and Peter Brooker making bunches of violets. Leider hat Margaret allzu oft die lebenshungrige Mrs. Brown gegeben. [21] While prime minister she attempted to preserve Somerville as a women's college. "[225][226] Thatcher's government supplied military forces to the international coalition in the build-up to the Gulf War, but she had resigned by the time hostilities began on 17 January 1991. On becoming prime minister after winning the 1979 general election, Thatcher introduced a series of economic policies intended to reverse high inflation and Britain's struggles in the wake of the Winter of Discontent and an oncoming recession. "[45] Afterwards, Thatcher began looking for a Conservative safe seat and was selected as the candidate for Finchley in April 1958 (narrowly beating Ian Montagu Fraser). Following the visit, Heath appointed Thatcher to the Shadow Cabinet[53] as Fuel and Power spokeswoman. Britain joined the ERM in October 1990. She was decidedly cool towards reunification prior to 1990, but made no attempt to block it. [180] Bobby Sands began the 1981 strike, saying that he would fast until death unless prison inmates won concessions over their living conditions. A second ballot was therefore necessary. [339][340][nb 10]. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms. [184] She delivered her speech as planned,[185] though rewritten from her original draft,[186] in a move that was widely supported across the political spectrum and enhanced her popularity with the public. In September 1982 she visited China to discuss with Deng Xiaoping the sovereignty of Hong Kong after 1997. [337] At first she ignored the question of privatising nationalised industries. [285] Thatcher earned $50,000 for each speech she delivered. [20] She was reportedly prouder of becoming the first prime minister with a science degree than becoming the first female prime minister. [5] Her parents were Alfred Roberts (1892–1970), from Northamptonshire, and Beatrice Ethel (née Stephenson, 1888–1960), from Lincolnshire. [244] She attempted to preserve trade with South Africa while persuading the government there to abandon apartheid. [417], Thatcher became a member of the Lords in 1992 with a life peerage as Baroness Thatcher, of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire. When it became clear that Mary was not pregnant, no one believed any longer that she could have a child. In her 2008 memoir, Carol wrote that her mother "could hardly remember the beginning of a sentence by the time she got to the end". [21] She defeated Heath on the first ballot and he resigned the leadership. Elizabeth would, in 1953, become a consecrated monarch, Crowned Queen of England, ruler of about 130 million subjects on five continents. We always have to be aware of the enemy within, which is much more difficult to fight and more dangerous to liberty. [399], Thatcher was parodied by Wells in several media. [88][89][nb 4], Thatcher began attending lunches regularly at the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), a think tank founded by Hayekian poultry magnate Antony Fisher; she had been visiting the IEA and reading its publications since the early 1960s. [286], Thatcher became an advocate of Croatian and Slovenian independence. [220][nb 7] Polls suggested that fewer than one in three British citizens approved of her decision. [281][418] Subsequently, the College of Arms granted her usage of a personal coat of arms; she was allowed to revise these arms on her appointment as Lady of the Order of the Garter (LG) in 1995, the highest order of chivalry for women. [180] Thatcher refused to countenance a return to political status for the prisoners, having declared "Crime is crime is crime; it is not political",[180] Nevertheless, the British government privately contacted republican leaders in a bid to bring the hunger strikes to an end. In July 1989, Thatcher removed Geoffrey Howe as foreign secretary after he and Lawson had forced her to agree to a plan for Britain to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM). [423], "Iron Lady" redirects here. [151][154][155] However, Scargill refused to hold a ballot on the strike,[156] having previously lost three ballots on a national strike (in January and October 1982, and March 1983). China was the first communist state Thatcher had visited and she was the first British prime minister to visit China. [37][38], In the 1950 and 1951 general elections, Roberts was the Conservative candidate for the Labour seat of Dartford. In 1991, she and her husband Denis moved to a house in Chester Square, a residential garden square in central London's Belgravia district. ", "Speech to the College of Europe ('The Bruges Speech')", "Conservatives favor remaining in market", "How Oxford university shaped Brexit – and Britain's next prime minister", "Britain's EU Journey: When Thatcher turned all euroskeptic", "Mitterrand feared emergence of 'bad' Germans", "Germans seen as self-pitying, egotistical and bullying race", "Kohl offered Thatcher secret access to reunification plans", "Et Tu, Heseltine? "[51] In October 1961 she was promoted to the frontbench as Parliamentary Undersecretary at the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance by Harold Macmillan. [210][211], Thatcher was one of the first Western leaders to respond warmly to reformist Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Über den Tag verteilt rauchte sie bis zu 60 Zigaretten der Marke Chesterfield. MS arrival in the shop of the Queen Mother and Princess Margaret. In 2009 she was hospitalised again when she fell and broke her arm. [279] Her domestic approval rating recovered after her resignation, though public opinion remained divided on whether her government had been good for the country. Margaret Roberts Thatcher, who is commonly known by her nickname “the Iron Lady,” was the prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990. Thatcher was not initially seen as the obvious replacement, but she eventually became the main challenger, promising a fresh start. Erst ein Selbstmordversuch der Prinzessin bringt … [184] Five people were killed, including the wife of minister John Wakeham. [146] Several unions launched strikes in response to legislation introduced to limit their power, but resistance eventually collapsed. Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, DStJ, PC, FRS, HonFRSC (née Roberts; 13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. [64] In a 1991 interview for Today, Thatcher stated that she thought Powell had "made a valid argument, if in sometimes regrettable terms". ", "A Review of Privatisation and Regulation Experience in Britain", "How the Big Bang changed the City of London for ever", "3 October 1981: IRA Maze hunger strikes at an end", "Was Gerry Adams complicit over hunger strikers? Like most siblings, their relationship was complicated at times. [386] In 2015 she topped a poll by Scottish Widows, a major financial services company, as the most influential woman of the past 200 years;[387] and in 2016 topped BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Power List of women judged to have had the biggest impact on female lives over the past 70 years. The institute's pamphlets proposed less government, lower taxes, and more freedom for business and consumers. Thatcher's coffin being carried up the steps of, Plaques on the graves of Margaret and Denis Thatcher at the.

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