449–450; Roberts, p. 87; Shawcross, pp. [92] Harold Macmillan wrote, "The Queen has been absolutely determined all through ... She is impatient of the attitude towards her to treat her as ... a film star ... She has indeed 'the heart and stomach of a man' ... She loves her duty and means to be a Queen. 2. Seit 1952 ist sie Königin des Vereinigten Königreichs. 124–125; Pimlott, p. 86, Bond, p. 10; Brandreth, pp. 169–172, Brandreth, pp. [232] The British Crown Estate – with holdings of £14.3 billion in 2019[235] – is held in trust and cannot be sold or owned by her in a personal capacity. [82], The absence of a formal mechanism within the Conservative Party for choosing a leader meant that, following Eden's resignation, it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government. As a constitutional monarch, the Queen is head of state, but her executive powers are limited by constitutional rules. [229] She was number one on the list when it began in the Sunday Times Rich List 1989, with a reported wealth of £5.2 billion, which included state assets that were not hers personally,[230] (approximately £13 billion in today's value). 24, 69, Brandreth, pp. [27] In 1940, the 14-year-old Elizabeth made her first radio broadcast during the BBC's Children's Hour, addressing other children who had been evacuated from the cities. 114–117, Hardman, p. 310; Lacey, p. 387; Roberts, p. 101; Shawcross, p. 218, accession of the United Kingdom to the European Communities, Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten, the surname of his mother's British family, Commonwealth realm § From the accession of Elizabeth II, Queen Elizabeth II's Address to the United Nations General Assembly, her associated national and Commonwealth tours, wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer, New Zealand Security Intelligence Service, List of titles and honours of Elizabeth II, Princess Beatrice, Mrs Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi, Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, List of special addresses made by Elizabeth II, Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and King Christian IX, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, television licences in the United Kingdom, "The World War II Auto Mechanic in This Photo Is Queen Elizabeth II. Nun verliert sie wegen Sparmassnahmen gleich beide. [93][94] No attempt was made, but a riot did break out while she was in Montreal; the Queen's "calmness and courage in the face of the violence" was noted. 226–238; Pimlott, pp. [5] Called "Lilibet" by her close family,[6] based on what she called herself at first,[7] she was cherished by her grandfather, George V, and during his serious illness in 1929 her regular visits were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery. Philip broke the news to the new queen. In England muss der Gürtel nun enger geschnallt werden. [104] In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena,[105] though privately she thought they had "blood on their hands". "[66] Senior politicians were against the match and the Church of England did not permit remarriage after divorce. [91] On a visit to Ghana the same year, she dismissed fears for her safety, even though her host, President Kwame Nkrumah, who had replaced her as head of state, was a target for assassins. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford. [51] In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for Philip's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. Abgerufen am 15. [214] Her popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Elisabeth II. Geburtsort:London (GB). [166] In November, the Queen and her husband celebrated their blue sapphire wedding anniversary (65th). [120] Thatcher reputedly said the Queen would vote for the Social Democratic Party—Thatcher's political opponents. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. Significant events have included her coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her Silver, Golden, and Diamond Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012, respectively. Königin Elisabeth II. Königin Elizabeth II. [68], Despite the death of Queen Mary on 24 March, the coronation on 2 June 1953 went ahead as planned, as Mary had asked before she died. [99], In February 1974, the British Prime Minister, Edward Heath, advised the Queen to call a general election in the middle of her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim, requiring her to fly back to Britain. 155–156, Brandreth, pp. [239], Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms since 1952, Note: Within parentheses, the year when inducted into the Order. [189] She remarked in private that his death "left a huge void". Elizabeth later said in a rare interview, "We asked my parents if we could go out and see for ourselves. 172–173; Pimlott, pp. [76] In 1953, the Queen and her husband embarked on a seven-month round-the-world tour, visiting 13 countries and covering more than 40,000 miles (64,000 kilometres) by land, sea and air. New Zealand Security Intelligence Service documents, declassified in 2018, revealed that 17-year-old Christopher John Lewis fired a shot with a .22 rifle from the fifth floor of a building overlooking the parade, but missed. The 17-year-old assailant, Marcus Sarjeant, was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three. [220], Elizabeth has been portrayed in a variety of media by many notable artists, including painters Pietro Annigoni, Peter Blake, Chinwe Chukwuogo-Roy, Terence Cuneo, Lucian Freud, Rolf Harris, Damien Hirst, Juliet Pannett, and Tai-Shan Schierenberg. [40] They were second cousins once removed through King Christian IX of Denmark and third cousins through Queen Victoria. 222–226; Marr, p. 237; Pimlott, pp. [30] In February 1945, she was appointed as an honorary second subaltern in the Auxiliary Territorial Service with the service number of 230873. Her godparents were: King George V and Queen Mary; Lord Strathmore; Television coverage of the coronation was instrumental in boosting the medium's popularity; the number of, Bradford, p. 22; Brandreth, p. 103; Marr, p. 76; Pimlott, pp. 13–15; Pimlott, pp. Sie ist die älteste Tochter von Herzog Albert, dem späteren König Georg VI. [130], In a speech on 24 November 1992, to mark her Ruby Jubilee on the throne, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis (horrible year). 558–559; Roberts, p. 94; Shawcross, p. 204, Bradford, p. 229; Lacey, pp. [97], The 1960s and 1970s saw an acceleration in the decolonisation of Africa and the Caribbean. [153], Though generally healthy throughout her life, in 2003 the Queen had keyhole surgery on both knees. She declined, saying she would not interfere in decisions reserved by the Constitution of Australia for the Governor-General. [78] During the tour, crowds were immense; three-quarters of the population of Australia were estimated to have seen her. 145, 159–163, 167, Brandreth, pp. Coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka deposed Ganilau and declared Fiji a republic. [65], Amid preparations for the coronation, Princess Margaret told her sister she wished to marry Peter Townsend, a divorcé‚ 16 years Margaret's senior, with two sons from his previous marriage. [131] Republican feeling in Britain had risen because of press estimates of the Queen's private wealth – which were contradicted by the Palace – and reports of affairs and strained marriages among her extended family. 256–260; Roberts, p. 84, Brandreth, p. 374; Pimlott, pp. [201], She is patron of over 600 organisations and charities. Elisabeth II. [148], In November 1997, the Queen and her husband held a reception at Banqueting House to mark their golden wedding anniversary. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence, and as realms, including South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (renamed Sri Lanka), became republics. Two years into his sentence, he attempted to escape a psychiatric hospital in order to assassinate Charles, who was visiting the country with Diana and their son Prince William. [31] She trained as a driver and mechanic and was given the rank of honorary junior commander (female equivalent of captain at the time) five months later. For me the teachings of Christ and my own personal accountability before God provide a framework in which I try to lead my life. Elisabeth ist das ältere von zwei Kindern von Prinz Albert, des seinerzeitigen Herzogs von York und späteren Königs Georg VI., und dessen Ehefrau Elizabeth, Herzogin von York (Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, später Königin Elisabeth). [125] The same year, the elected Fijian government was deposed in a military coup. [227] In 2002, she inherited an estate worth an estimated £70 million from her mother. von Großbritannien und Nordirland. Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth). 20, 163, Brandreth, p. 105; Lacey, p. 81; Shawcross, pp. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant. 129–132, Hardman, p. 81; Lacey, p. 307; Pimlott, pp. Doch die 93-jährige Monarchin, die gerade mit Boris Johnson ihren 14. britischen Premierminister ins Amt einführte, kennt eine Ausnahme: Pferderennen. [176], The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch on 21 December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch and longest-reigning queen regnant and female head of state in the world on 9 September 2015. [63] The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and Elizabeth's grandmother, Queen Mary, favoured the retention of the House of Windsor, and so on 9 April 1952 Elizabeth issued a declaration that Windsor would continue to be the name of the royal house. Her many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and visits to or from five popes. 503–515; see also Neil, pp. (geb. [89][90] In 1961, she toured Cyprus, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Iran. [124] Brian Mulroney, Canadian prime minister between 1984 and 1993, said Elizabeth was a "behind the scenes force" in ending apartheid. 119, 126, 135, Letters Patent, 22 October 1948; Hoey, pp. If Margaret had contracted a civil marriage, she would have been expected to renounce her right of succession. [28] She stated: "We are trying to do all we can to help our gallant sailors, soldiers, and airmen, and we are trying, too, to bear our own share of the danger and sadness of war. April 1926 als Elizabeth Alexandra Mary of York in London zur Welt. Königin Elizabeth II. 245–247; Lacey, p. 166; Pimlott, pp. [207], In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen". Königin Elisabeth II. ist wieder da! 183–185, Brandreth, pp. When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case the King died while she was on tour. [136] Two days later, Prime Minister John Major announced reforms to the royal finances planned since the previous year, including the Queen paying income tax from 1993 onwards, and a reduction in the civil list. [77] She became the first reigning monarch of Australia and New Zealand to visit those nations. Eden recommended she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council. In October 2006, she missed the opening of the new Emirates Stadium because of a strained back muscle that had been troubling her since the summer. [67] Margaret decided to abandon her plans with Townsend. [125][126], By the end of the 1980s, the Queen had become the target of satire. 109–110, Bond, p. 96; Marr, p. 257; Pimlott, p. 427; Shawcross, p. 110, Hardman, p. 137; Roberts, pp. [115] On 9 July, she awoke in her bedroom at Buckingham Palace to find an intruder, Michael Fagan, in the room with her. 104–114; Pimlott, pp. She returned to Buckingham Palace the following day. [171] [204] Her lifelong love of corgis began in 1933 with Dookie, the first corgi owned by her family. Es ist ein großer Verlust für die britischen Royals: Prinz Philip, der Ehemann von Königin Elizabeth II., ist im Alter von 99 Jahren gestorben. [142] In consultation with her husband and the Prime Minister, John Major, as well as the Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey, and her private secretary, Robert Fellowes, she wrote to Charles and Diana at the end of December 1995, saying a divorce was desirable. Königin Elizabeth II hat seit mehr als einem halben Jahrhundert eine wichtige Rolle in der Welt gespielt. [157] On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales. [221][222] Notable photographers of Elizabeth have included Cecil Beaton, Yousuf Karsh, Annie Leibovitz, Lord Lichfield, Terry O'Neill, John Swannell, and Dorothy Wilding. 325–326; Pimlott, pp. [162], The Queen's 2012 Diamond Jubilee marked 60 years on the throne, and celebrations were held throughout her realms, the wider Commonwealth, and beyond. As a constitutional monarch, she has not expressed her own political opinions in a public forum. [225][226] In 1993, Buckingham Palace called estimates of £100 million "grossly overstated". 476–477; Shawcross, p. 192, Pimlott, pp. [61] She and the Duke of Edinburgh moved into Buckingham Palace. wird als Prinzessin Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor in London geboren. [50] Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell. Wie "InTouch" am 3. konnte bislang zwischen zwei Jumbojets auswählen. [36] Welsh politicians suggested she be made Princess of Wales on her 18th birthday. November 2020: Sie wurde von einem französischen Radiosende für tot erklärt. Geboren wurde sie am 21. Königin Elisabeth II. [101], A year later, at the height of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, the Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, was dismissed from his post by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, after the Opposition-controlled Senate rejected Whitlam's budget proposals. ist Staatsoberhaupt des United Kingdom (England, Schottland, Irland) und über den Commonwelth of Nations von insgesamt 53 Staaten. In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, a former prince of Greece and Denmark, with whom she had four children: Charles, Prince of Wales; Anne, Princess Royal; Prince Andrew, Duke of York; and Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex. I won't leave without the King. [32][33][34], At the end of the war in Europe, on Victory in Europe Day, Elizabeth and Margaret mingled anonymously with the celebratory crowds in the streets of London. As in 1927, when they had toured Australia and New Zealand, Elizabeth remained in Britain, since her father thought her too young to undertake public tours. 66–67, 84, 87–89; Bradford, pp. Wenn man in der Zeit rückwärts arbeitet, kann man das Unentschieden verfolgen: In a serious lapse of security, assistance only arrived after two calls to the Palace police switchboard. ist mit ihren 94 Jahren noch topfit und denkt vermutlich noch gar nicht daran, bald abzudanken.Doch auch wenn es im Moment noch … Algemene informatie & historische achtergrond omtrent de regeerperiode van Elizabeth II. [139], In the years to follow, public revelations on the state of Charles and Diana's marriage continued. [42], The engagement was not without controversy; Philip had no financial standing, was foreign-born (though a British subject who had served in the Royal Navy throughout the Second World War), and had sisters who had married German noblemen with Nazi links.

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