At the beginning of Act 2, scene 2, the initial morning sunshine has disappeared from the dug-out floor: 'The sunlight has gone from the dug-out floor, but shines brightly in the trench'. In Act 3, scene 2, Sherriff uses the chiaroscuro effect to contrast light and darkness on stage, similar to the painting 'The Supper at Emmaus', by the Italian artist Caravaggio. Trotter is jovial, irreverent, and gluttonous, frequently giving Mason —the cook—a hard time about the food served in the dugout. Captain Dennis Stanhope is a flawed hero and the main character in this anti-war play. The idea of heroism is a dominant theme in the play. Journey's End Critical Analysis. In turn, there’s little chance they’ll be able to stop thinking about how the time passes, so Trotter decides to draw up a physical representation of the hours they have left. In Act 3, scene 1, the trench appears darker, which shows the audience that time is passing by and the raid is approaching: 'a light that slowly fades with the sinking sun.' Sherriff wants to make Stanhope more believable to the audience, and this can further be seen in the way that his uniform is described: 'old and war-stained'. Written by R.C. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!”, “This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. What’s more, the earwig’s pointless and repetitive efforts align with Mason’s unsuccessful attempt to become innovative with the ration meat. Character description, analysis and casting breakdown for Mason from Journey's End. In Act 1, when Stanhope first appears on stage, the audience understands how young the company commander is: 'he is no more than a boy; tall, slimly built, but broad - shouldered.' An introduction to Sherriff's play for GCSE candidates - updated Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. When Raleigh and Osborne lead the raid on the German front line, Sherriff wants the audience to see, 'the red and green glow of German alarm rockets' (Act 3, scene 1). 1449 Words 6 Pages. Raleigh's presence has made Stanhope face his drinking problems. Throughout 'Journey's End' Sherriff wants the audience to see that the men have turned to alcohol, to distract them from the horrors of war: 'taking another whisky' (Act 1). Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? ‘Journey’s End is a message-carrying play with a definite purpose in mind: to make people ponder the stupidity and horrors of war’.’ Having made the audience fall in love with the characters especially Raleigh and Osborne he then conveys the real emotive horror of the front line, ending with the deaths of two loved characters. Although Journey’s End is not first and foremost a comedic play, there are often moments of dark or deadpan humor that shed light on the soldiers’ attitudes regarding the war. This, Osborne tells him, is simply the nature of war—it is a cycle of inaction and action. The play Journey's End is set in a dug-out in the British trenches during the last year of the First World War. Sheriff may have used the red light of the sinking sun to symbolise the blood that will be shed by the men later on in the play. When Stanhope suggests that Raleigh’s sister mistakenly thinks he’s a hero, he confirms the notion that he doesn’t believe himself to be worthy of somebody else’s admiration. Clicking on the link below will take you to notes for each of the four essays for the play Journey’s End by R.C. Discuss: 1. Sherriff wants the audience to see how the war has made Osborne and Stanhope good friends. This is what Osborne does when he encourages Raleigh to see the Very lights as “romantic.” Rather than dwelling on the ominous nature of these lights—which are used for chiefly violent purposes—he urges Raleigh to shift his perspective so that the lights become appealing and nostalgic, as if the soldiers are looking out at the blinking lights of a beautiful city. (Act 2, scene 1). In terms of agreeing with the statement that Journey’s End is written to show the destruction of the war, Sherriff does this by showing the … When Sherriff later wants Hardy to sing happily to himself, it further demonstrates his relief: 'HARDY goes up the narrow steps into the trench above, singing softly and happily to himself.' Hibbert’s complaints about neuralgia recall the story Hardy told Osborne at the beginning of the play about the officer who went home because of a case of “lumbago.” What’s more, even Stanhope seems to have let somebody leave the trenches before, as he reveals by saying that he allowed a man name Warren to leave because of medical reasons. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. The light from the candles on stage creates a shadow on the wall above the actors' heads which, to the audience, produces a halo effect. In Act 2, scene 2 the stage directions clearly show that Hibbert is determined to leave the Front Line before the German attack, when he 'strikes blindly' at Stanhope to try and escape. Sherriff wants the audience to see the tremendous stress and fear suffered by the men during the war. This ultimately foreshadows the feeling of futility and repetition that bothers the men throughout the play, as they constantly wait for something to happen and then, after something actually does happen, they simply start waiting again. The play portrays soldiers with a variety of different backgrounds and character traits. An intelligent, meticulously crafted drama about British soldiers in the trenches of World War I, “Journey’s End” is the latest cinematic rendition of a play by a war veteran, R.C. RC Sherriff Comedy Theatre (2004) Share: While Journey's End is ostensibly a First World War story of heroism and futility, RC Sheriff's play, which is now celebrating its 75th anniversary, is far more than that.. Sherriff uses lighting for the morning and afternoon sun, to give the play a sense of time. The play Journey's End is set in a dug-out in the British trenches during the last year of the First World War. Sherriff shows how the soldiers' living conditions were appalling and primitive, and he emphasises how horrific the conflict was. At the end of the scene Stanhope has an argument with Raleigh about the letter he wanted to send to his sister.Sheriff uses these situations to depict the futility and hardships of war. Journey's End is a 1928 dramatic play by English playwright R. C. Sherriff, set in the trenches near Saint-Quentin, Aisne, towards the end of the First World War.The story plays out in the officers' dugout of a British Army infantry company from 18 March 1918 to 21 March 1918, providing a glimpse of the officers' lives in the last few days before Operation Michael. First produced in 1928, Journey’s End offers a bleak and brutally honest insight into life in the trenches during World War One. ... Other Characters From Journey's End. 4. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Osborne’s advice that Raleigh shouldn’t expect to find Stanhope “quite the same” reveals his understanding of the ways in which war can change a person. In Act 1, the glow from the 'yellow candles' suggests warmth and safety in the dug-out, whilst the 'misty grey parapet' shows how bleak it is outside in the trenches. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. This stage direction shows that the horrors of war have become too much for Stanhope. At the very least, this might help them feel as if they have a modicum of control over their lives, which is something they otherwise lack completely, since they can’t actually influence what happens or when it happens. Although Trotter provides primarily comedic relief in Journey’s End … read analysis of Trotter. (Act 1). Published: 12th May 2017 in This is perhaps why he has so much scorn for people who fake an illness to go home. Sherriff in 1928 and is concerned with the lives of soldiers in the British trenches of St Quentin, France towards the end of the First World War. -Graham S. When Hardy notices that the earwig on the table has been running in circles, Sherriff presents the audience with an image of futility. 0. The fear of war—the anticipation of impending doom—seems to warp the way these men perceive the passage of time, elongating it in strange ways and upending their internal sense of chronology. During the first great war of the 21st century, this play about the first great war of the 20th century insists that we consider what such a journey does to a man. As such, Sherriff adds yet another layer of uncertainty and anticipation to the audience’s perception of Stanhope, encouraging them to wonder how he and Raleigh will interact. When Raleigh and Osborne leave to embark on the raid, there is complete silence on the stage: 'there is silence in the trenches' (Act 3, scene 1). One of the ways in which Sherriff conveys the horrors of war is through the descriptions of the characters in the stage directions. Sheriff, which premiered in England in 1928 with Laurence Olivier in a lead role. In Act 3, scene 3, at the end of the play Stanhope, 'lightly runs his fingers over RALEIGH's tousled hair'. Sherriff wants the audience to feel Stanhope's apprehension and tension about the forthcoming raid. Sherriff may have intended the stage directions to be symbolic of the end of the day, but perhaps also to signify the end of the men's lives. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Raleigh. In Act 3, scene 1, Sherriff further shows comradeship between the soldiers in the play, when Osborne gives his valuable items to Stanhope before the raid: 'he takes a letter and his watch from his pocket and puts it on the table. When Stanhope walks back to the table, the stage directions show how he is trying to anticipate where the German attack will occur: 'glances down at the table' (Act 3, scene 1). Sherriff has successfully managed to show the horrors of war through the use of his stage directions in Journey's End. By the end of Act 3, scene 3, the noises have intensified and the shells are falling louder and more frequently: 'There comes the louder thud of three more shells'. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Stanhope appears to have an aggressive demeanour, as he constantly shouts and loses his temper with the men. The play moved to the Savoy Theatre in 1929 where it was presented by Maurice Browne. Company Registration No: 4964706. Through his appearance, it is clear that Hardy is relaxed and casual, which tells the audience that he is relieved to be leaving the trenches and that war must have been horrific. In Act 3, scene 3, when Raleigh is fatally injured at the end of the play, Stanhope covers Raleigh with a 'blanket' and 'bathes the boy's face'. In this, The fact that Raleigh can’t keep himself from referring to Stanhope as “Dennis” supports Osborne’s notion that the boy will likely have to shift the way he sees the captain. Sherriff creates an effect of pathos, whereby the audience can see the dreadful cost of war and the pointless waste of young lives. Although Raleigh would surely prefer calm and peace to violence and action, he has prepared himself for the latter, and thus now feels unprepared for the wartime circumstances in which he finds himself. What the audience sees upon meeting him, though, is not an enraged drunk, but a man caught off-guard by an old friend, thereby further casting him as a complex character, since he doesn’t yell or shout or do anything rash, but instead quietly tries to piece together his confusion regarding Raleigh’s presence. PowerPoint for Revision - Journey's End The questions below have all appeared in past SQA exams. Ultimately, Journey's End shows repression to be a necessary mechanism for maintaining the outward appearance of confidence and sanity in extremely trying circumstances. Stanhope is afraid that Raleigh will write and reveal Stanhope's drinking problems to his sister, to whom Stanhope is almost engaged. No plagiarism, guaranteed! The play Journey’s End was written by R.C. Despite how hard the earwig has worked—running for an entire mile—it hasn’t made any progress at all. Indeed, the circumstances of their previous relationship are quite clearly much different than they will be here. Relationships between officers and men. In the trenches in World War One, fresh chicken and champagne were very special. In the beginning of Act 3, scene 2, the stage directions show that Stanhope, Trotter and Hibbert have just had dinner: 'The dug-out is lit quite festively by an unusual number of candles. It covers the events and experiences of the 'C' company, just before the beginning of the Ludendorff offensive - a series of German attacks along the Western Front. Journeys End is a play that creates a lot of dramatic tension throughout it, and there are several ways in which the author, R. C. Sheriff, creates and maintains tension. This is portrayed by many characters feelings and emotions from the play. Journey’s End is a play, which is one of the most realistic and vivid plays related to war because the story was based on R.C Sherriff’s experience when he was on the front line during the actual war. Throughout Journey's End sound effects are used, just like the raid, to emphasise the intensity of war. Sherriff gives the impression that the dinner is like the Last Supper, as the men appear to be eating and drinking their last meal before the German attack. Lieutenant Raleigh, a school friend of Stanhope and the brother of Stanhope’s fiancée. When Raleigh eventually meets his death Sherriff wants Stanhope to stare, 'listlessly across at the boy on OSBORNE's bed' (Act 3, scene 3). It reminds the audience that time is constantly passing by, and the time for the German attack is approaching. The stage directions help the audience to understand the terrible conditions that soldiers in the First World War had to endure. Sherriff wants the audience to compare Raleigh's initial anxiety with Hibbert's fear of death from the German attack later on in the play. Suggesting that life in the trenches can “tell on a man—rather badly,” he tries to get Raleigh to accept the fact that his relationship—or even friendship—with Stanhope developed in an entirely different context. In Act 3, scene 2, the audience see the soldiers drinking 'champagne' and 'whisky' which shows the men are trying to forget about Osborne's death. While Osborne defends his friend by pointing out that Stanhope has “never had a rest,” it’s clear that the captain is a bit unhinged, especially if a mere card game can bring him to violent tears. When Stanhope says he worries Raleigh will write home to his sister and tell her how he (Stanhope) has become, he reveals another reason why he resents Raleigh’s presence. Sherriff wants the audience to understand that at such a young age, Stanhope has huge responsibilities and his anger is a result from the strains of war. Study for free with our range of university lectures! He also reveals that he uses alcohol as a coping mechanism. Whereas Osborne is referring to the kind of temper that causes Stanhope to erupt in irrational anger in the middle of a card game, Raleigh assumes that he is talking about Stanhope’s admirable tendency to hold the people around him to a high standard. It covers the events and experiences of the ‘C’ company, just before the beginning of the Ludendorff offensive – a series of German attacks along the Western Front. Sherriff ensures that the stage set looks authentic, so the audience can picture the appalling, low budget living conditions of the soldiers. In this moment, Sherriff suggests that soldiers must find ways to reframe their circumstances. The audience realise that the war was equally traumatic for the German soldiers. What’s more, he patiently allows Stanhope to assume the position of leader, but when it all truly comes down to it, it’s not hard to see that he—Osborne—is the one keeping everything on track, as he puts Stanhope to bed and makes arrangements to ensure that the company knows what to do for the remainder of the night. Nonetheless, Osborne remains optimistic, suggesting that certain kinds of bonds can withstand extraordinary circumstances. Sherriff uses lighting directions to contrast between the warmth and relative safety of the dug-out, when he uses candles, with the danger and uncertainty outside of the trenches. One of the ways in which Journey's End conveys the horrors of war is through the actions that Sherriff wants characters to perform. After all, not only are these men expecting and bracing for a harrowing attack by the Germans, they’re also waiting to leave. 2. Sherriff makes an effort in this scene to present Stanhope as an unstable character. Through these sound effects, Sherriff makes the Raid seem more realistic (life-like) and helps the audience to understand how intense and horrific the war was. Indeed, he didn’t count on the feeling of tense anticipation, the feeling that he is “just waiting for something” bad to happen. The sound effects not only show that the German attack is constantly approaching, but also acts as a countdown to the end of the men's lives. However, it’s obvious that Stanhope—an alcoholic himself now—no longer cares about whether or not his inferiors get drunk, and the fact that Raleigh thinks he still. Indeed, Mason can try all he wants to improve upon the dreadful food he’s supposed to cook, but at the end of the day, he can’t change the fact that he’s serving the soldiers the same low-quality fare. In his play Journey's End he depicts the true realities of war, not the false 'glorious' image that many people thought it was. The play begins on March 18, 1918. This is common throughout Journey's End, such as the end of Act 1, when the audience sees Osborne wind up his pocket watch: 'he takes out from his tunic pocket a large, old-fashioned watch, and quietly winds it up.' In Act 3, scene 1, Stanhope is waiting anxiously for the approaching raid: 'STANHOPE is alone, wandering to and fro across the dug-out.' Since Osborne later meets his death during the raid, the red light may have been used to indicate blood or death and to show the audience something bad has happened. The stage directions tell the actors in the play how to move and act on stage. Throughout this scene Sherriff wants Stanhope to make several jokes to show the audience that he is trying to forget about the loss of Osborne: 'He has just made a remark which has sent HIBBERT and TROTTER into uproarious laughter' (Act 3, scene 2). It therefore can be said that R.C. In a more public way, Trotter adopts a blithe attitude toward war by casually making grim jokes about death. The play’s title is taken from a poem by Humbert Wolfe, (1885-1940): Journey’s End The effects of stress. In Act 3, scene 1, the stage directions open, 'towards sunset'. Journey's End Critical Analysis 1449 Words | 6 Pages. This final update contains a mass amount of content, systems, and fixes. Teachers and parents! Eric Thompson (69 Theatre Company, 1972). Remember to support your ideas with details from the play. When the men are seen eating and drinking these luxuries, it shows the audience that the men want to enjoy one last meal before the imminent German attack, where they know their chances of survival are miniscule. Through the stage directions, Sherriff uses onomatopoeic noises such as the "crush" of shells and the "boom" of Minenwerfer, to help the director convey the horrors of war more accurately (Act 3, scene 3). Journey’s End has been recently released to the PC version(s) of Terraria, with other platforms to follow along. Sherriff, who fought in the war himself. After all, if he’s going to drink himself into poor health just to stay, it isn’t fair that other people choose the easier alternative of leaving altogether. In Journey’s End, a play about English troops on the French front during World War I, the first act is primarily exposition. In Act 2, scene 1, this fear leads Stanhope to censor Raleigh's letter. Questions to help you analyse the play. In this way, the soldier could represent any of the soldiers who died during the War. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class.”. At the very beginning of the play, Osborne said: “there’s nothing worse than dirt in your tea”. When the character enters the dug-out he is silhouetted against the red glow of 'the Very Lights' in the sky. Because the small amount of information the audience has already heard about Stanhope makes him out to be an unstable drunk, the fact that Raleigh knows him from school is quite significant. In this conversation, Stanhope’s tone suggests that he resents Raleigh for admiring him. (including. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. When Raleigh is placed on Osborne's bed, it reminds the audience that Stanhope has lost two of his closest friends. Sherriff wants the audience to sympathise with the boy because, just like Raleigh, he is young and inexperienced. David Grindley (Act Productions and Shaftesbury Theatre, 2011). Stanhope. In Act 3, scene 1, when the raid is over, the stage directions describe the captured German as, 'a bareheaded GERMAN BOY, in field grey, sobering bitterly.' Many of the soldiers in the stage directions appear as anonymous shadows on the stage, which means the audience can't recognise which character it is: 'A man comes from the servant's dug-out; for a moment his head and soldiers stand out black against the glowing sky, then he passes on into the darkness by the table' (Act 3, scene 3). The audience realise that Osborne may not return but, more importantly, it indicates Osborne's trust in Stanhope .When Osborne later meets his death, the stage directions clearly convey Stanhope's tremendous grief: 'Stanhope is staring dumbly at the table - at Osborne's watch and ring.' Journey's End - Play. Throughout his play, Sherriff reveals the appalling trench conditions, the fear of death from the soldiers and the true horror of the conflict. Copyright © 2003 - 2021 - UKEssays is a trading name of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. (Act 3, scene 1). Not only is he unhappy Raleigh has come to his company because he doesn’t want to disappoint the young man, but he’s also nervous that Raleigh’s presence will negatively affect his life after the war. Journey’s End, dir. Then he pulls off his ring'. Journey’s End. Addeddate 2017-01-18 14:45:37 Identifier in.ernet.dli.2015.209119 Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t8tb6cm94 Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 Ppi 600 Scanner … As Stanhope speaks to Osborne, he confirms once and for all that his alcoholism has developed as a crutch: in order to face the war, he has to numb himself to his own fears. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. His name is. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! '(Act 3, scene 1). The play explores many aspects of war life, including friendship, alcoholism, class boundaries and the lifestyle of the men in the trenches. Two champagne bottles stand prominent on the table.' Sherriff. 0. 100 years after the end of the Great War, another film has been made of the play Journey’s End, by R C Sherriff. In Act 1, when Hardy is leaving the trenches and handing his position over to Osborne, the stage directions describe Hardy as a 'a red-faced, cheerful-looking man'. Through the stage directions, Sherriff brings out Stanhope's human emotions, and the audience understands the tragedy of war. It’s natural, then, that he finds himself disoriented by the relative calm of the trenches, the “uncann[iness]” of the dugouts. The stage directions in this scene help the director to portray Stanhope's and Raleigh's grief more intensely. Intro: In Journey’s End Osborne is presented as a likeable character. By preparing the audience to meet such a loose cannon, Sherriff continues to create the same kind of tense anticipation that the soldiers likely feel when they’re in the trenches waiting for something bad to happen. Looking for a flexible role? In Journey’s End, humour was used as a device to hide painful emotion. Journey's End - Play. While the play was a huge hit on both sides of the Atlantic, and has proved an admirably durable theatrical staple (I saw the hit Broadway revival of 2007), one … In this way, Sherriff demonstrates that one of the most difficult parts of being at war is the uncertainty that comes along with waiting for something bad to happen. Journey's End. In Act 1, through the stage directions, Sherriff wants Raleigh to 'laugh nervously' and 'sit gingerly'. David Grindley first directed the play in 2004, but only the 2011 revival will be focused on in this article. For instance, the fact that Hardy’s officer managed to go home because of a case of lumbago is indeed rather funny, since lumbago is an everyday injury that frequently amounts to little more than back pain. Indeed, they’ve been waiting for this attack for quite some time, and even though it seems as if they’re edging closer to the actual event, they still are locked in a holding pattern of tension, one in which all they can do is conjecture about when it will actually take place. Sherriff demonstrates the comradeship of the men in World War One and shows the audience Stanhope's true feelings for Raleigh. Since the audience has witnessed the friendship between Stanhope and Osborne, they too feel the impact of Osborne's death, and empathise with Stanhope's grief. Journey’s End – Audience and StagingAll the action of the play takes place in the dugout where the Britishsoldiers eat and sleep. ESSAY NOTES AND STRATEGIES Remember that you… Sherriff wants stage directions to emphasise the horrors of war and how Hardy is glad that he has escaped the German attack. If Stanhope dislikes himself so much, it’s easy to see why he might resent Raleigh for admiring him. Through the stage directions, Sherriff uses sound effects, lighting and props to convey the true realities of War. “Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs.

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